Upper Mustang Trekking

• The weather is more pleasant than in winter, with longer days and mildly warm temperatures at lower and moderate temperatures at higher elevations. 
• The landscape is vibrant with blossoming wildflowers, including the famous giant rhododendrons. 
• The trails are less crowded than during the autumn season. 
• March and April are usually drier than May, but May has more alpine flowers.
• Some days have clear skies, while others have clouds around lunchtime or afternoon.
• Evenings are often sparklingly clear.

• Temperatures are mild, the weather is relatively stable, and the clear air offers superb views of the mountains.
• Bad weather can occur year-round but fall typically has the most consistent conditions. Occasionally, short storms dump considerable amounts of snow at high altitudes.   
• Because of the most favorable weather, Nepal welcomes most trekkers in the fall season.  
• Popular trails, such as the Everest Base Camp and the Annapurna Circuit, are bustling with visitors, and this activity extends from the trails to the teahouses.  
• The Thamel district in Kathmandu is also filled with tourists during the fall peak season.

• Mardi Himal Trek
• Ghorepani Poon Hill Trek

• Transportation costs from and to the international airport.
• Transportation costs to and from Pokhara are another significant cost.  For example, a one-way flight is 115 -120 USD (for foreigners), a Luxury Tourist Bus is 30 USD, but the least expensive is a Tourist Bus at 10 USD, and a Private Car is 110 USD.  Or you can hire an SUV for Pokhara, which can cost 80 to 130 USD.
• For some packages, we must use a high-clearance all-terrain “jeep” that costs 125 to 150 USD.
• We could also use a one-way helicopter charter flight from 1500 USD to 2000 USD if you like, but that would be an extra cost to you.

• Trekking Permit Fee (TIMS or Trekkers Information Management System) and Annapurna Conservation Permit Fee (ACAP).  The special license for the Upper Mustang costs around USD 500 for 10 days and USD 50 for each additional day if needed.  We will pay all the applicable local taxes. 

• Hotel accommodations in Kathmandu and Pokhara upon arrival and departure.
• Accommodation costs during trekking at tea houses and guesthouses; however, the quality, service, and amenities vary.  The tea houses have twin-shared bedrooms, communal dining rooms, and shared or private bathrooms.  Some teahouses offer attached bathrooms, but do not expect it everywhere.  You get essential bed items like pillows and blankets, so carrying a sleeping bag is wise for trekking at high altitudes.  During peak season, trekkers might need to spend the night in the dining hall at high-altitude locations.  If this happens to you, don't feel discouraged; the dining area is reliable regarding warmth and safety.  We will try to get the best possible accommodation during your trek.

• Some packages include a farewell dinner one day before departure in Kathmandu.
• Cost of food, non-alcoholic drinks, coffee, hot chocolate, hot water, or tea during the trek.  Food menus at the lodges may include local delicacies and Western-style cuisines.  However, don’t expect lavish provisions of food and lodging in high-altitude places.  We recommend trying the local dish known as Dal Bhat.  It is often referred to as the trekking food in Nepal.  A famous saying is, “Dal Bhat Power, 24 Hour.”
• Drinkable water is available on the trek.  You can drink directly from water taps, which the locals drink.  You can use medication to purify the water if you are unsure, or there are water refilling stations along the route.  Those stations serve boiled, drinkable water and charge you around 25 to 100 Nepalese Rupees (NPR).  Or you can purchase bottles of mineral water, which cost around 25 to 300 NPR, depending on our current altitude.  

• Do you need to hire a trekking guide to trek in Nepal?  In the past, the answer would have been "NO," except in a few restricted areas.  However, things have changed.  As of April 1, 2023, the Nepal Tourism Board has implemented a new rule requiring foreign trekkers to hire a trekking guide to trek in any Himalayan region of Nepal.
• The rule was long-awaited, as many independent trekkers go missing in the mountains every year, particularly during heavy snowfall.  Therefore, hiring a trekking guide is now mandatory for trekking in Nepal, while hiring a porter remains optional.
• TMT utilizes licensed, experienced, English-speaking trekking guides certified by the Government of Nepal Ministry of Culture and Tourism and qualified to guide trekkers in any destination throughout the Nepalese Himalayas.  If needed, we can also provide guides who speak other languages.  The cost of a Guide—30 to 35 USD per day—covers their insurance, food, accommodation, and the guide’s salary.  
• A trekking guide is a person who leads trekkers along a trail, offering navigation and valuable information about the mountains, scenery, flora, fauna, and local culture.  In Nepal, a trekking guide serves as a trek leader, a manager who arranges accommodation in advance, and an organizer who adjusts the itinerary according to your hiking pace.  Additionally, they assist with communication by translating between Nepali and English, and they can help in case of emergencies, such as if a trekker becomes ill in the high Himalayas.
• This section does not apply to the Upper Mustang Jeep Tour Program because we can carry all the necessary gear and supplies with Jeep; therefore, a porter is unnecessary.  A trekking potter is a supporting character in trekking adventures.  These physically fit men come from mountainous regions and are responsible for carrying your trekking gear.  They usually do not speak fluent English and walk at their own pace.  Therefore, it is essential to have a daypack with all the items you need for daily hikes.  Each potter is typically paired with (2) two trekkers and carries a total weight of 20 to 25 kg, depending on their strength.  Hiring a porter is still your choice.  We will provide one if you feel your bag is too heavy and want to make walking more manageable on the steep trails.  However, if you prefer not to have a porter, that's completely fine, and we will deduct that cost from the package price.  The cost of hiring a Potter is US$ 25 to 30 per day, which covers insurance, food & accommodation, and the porter’s pay.
• Regardless of their job, these are humble, friendly, and hard-working people earning a living in their local communities to support their families and themselves.  You might make a few new friends when you finish your trek in Nepal.

• You might not have all the trekking essentials for a Trek.  In such a case, you could either buy or rent.  You can buy trekking gear in Nepal as well.  However, we suggest you hire trekking gear and other things; buying everything is unnecessary.  In Nepal, you can easily rent equipment like down jackets, sleeping bags, backpacks, trekking poles, etc.  The rental cost of this gear begins at 1 USD per day.

• The Internet is necessary for many of us; thankfully, Wi-Fi service is available at some teahouses but is often slow and may have a charge.  The regular fee for Wi-Fi per day is around 5 USD.  Consider purchasing a local SIM card for connectivity.  Wi-Fi service at hotels in large cities is usually free of charge.
• Solar energy and generators are frequent sources of electricity, and there may be costs associated with charging devices.  Charging stations are typically available in teahouses and lodges, with fees ranging from 2 to 5 USD.  In larger cities, hotels often provide device charging services free of charge.

• When trekking in Nepal, it's customary to tip your crew after the adventure.  While tipping is not mandatory, it is expected.  You may also consider donating money to assist other people or groups in need.  Ultimately, the decision to tip or donate is up to you, so having extra cash on hand is a good idea for tips and a well-deserved beer at the end of your trek.
• Not all cultures have a tipping custom, but in Nepal, tips are appreciated to express gratitude.  Trekking crews work diligently to take care of you and your belongings.  As a guideline, we recommend tipping lead guides at approximately 20 USD per day, assistant guides (in larger groups) at 15 USD per day, and porters at 10 USD per day.  
• While these guidelines provide a good foundation, you shouldn't feel obligated to adhere to them rigidly.  While rewarding your guide and porter for their excellent service and hard work, it's essential to consider your individual experience during the trek.
• When should you tip the trekking crew?  You should give tips to your crew just before saying goodbye.  Typically, you would provide tips to your porters and assistant guides first, as the lead guide often accompanies you longer, even during the journey back to Kathmandu by car or plane.
• Do you need to tip in cash?  Nepal operates primarily on a cash economy, so tips should be given in cash.  You can tip in either Nepali Rupees (NPR) or US Dollars.  Withdraw rupees from ATMs while in Kathmandu or Pokhara.  Alternatively, you can exchange cash at a bank.  Tipping porters in your group with Nepali Rupees (NPR) is advisable, as they may not have good opportunities to exchange foreign currencies.

• The trip will take you through locations such as Kathmandu, Pokhara, and some remote areas.  You may find items along the way that you would like to purchase for yourself or as gifts for friends.  Therefore, it's essential to consider these potential additional costs when planning your trip budget.

• The cost of a Nepali visa depends on the length of your stay and the number of entries.  As of 12/22/2024, for a stay of 15 days, the cost is 30 USD; for a stay of 30 days, the cost is 50 USD; and for a stay of 90 days, the cost is 125 USD (check the official government website for updated prices).  You can get a visa on arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu or other checkpoints in Nepal.  We recommend you carry the exact amount in cash for your visa payment. 
• However, within two weeks of your arrival in Nepal, please complete the Online Visa Application and carry a printed copy with you:  https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/ 
• Use: Visa On-arrival
• Choose your entry point: Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA)
• Visa type: Tourist Visa
• You must also provide hotel information for your stay in Nepal, which we will furnish after you book your trip with TMT.
• Additionally, you must have personal Travel and Health Insurance, including coverage for emergency rescues and evacuations.
• The airfare for your international flights to and from Nepal is a significant expense for your trip.  Please note that this cost is not included in our packages, and we do not arrange or sell international tickets.  It is your responsibility to book these flights.

• A Nepali Tourist Visa (Mandatory) must be arranged and paid for directly by the client.  A 15-day visa costs 30 USD, a 30-day visa costs 50 USD, and a 90-day visa costs 125 USD (check the official government website for updated prices).  Within two weeks of your arrival in Nepal, please complete the Online Visa Application and carry a printed copy with you:  https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/ 
• Personal Travel and Health Insurance (Mandatory), which includes emergency rescues and evacuation coverage, including helicopter rescue, must be arranged and paid for directly by the client.  
• Our service does not include emergency rescue evacuations; you must carry your own Travel and Health Insurance.
• Additional costs due to unforeseen circumstances, roadblocks, flight cancellations, or any situation beyond our control are not covered.
• Any expenses arising due to unforeseen situations like personal sickness, natural calamities, political strikes, etc.
• International airfare to and from Nepal is not included in our service.
• Helicopter charter flights are not included in our services.  We can arrange them for you, but additional costs will apply.
• Lunch and dinner at the hotels in Kathmandu before and after the trek are not included, except for the farewell dinner in Kathmandu if included in the itinerary.
• If you would like to extend your stay in Nepal beyond the itinerary provided, we are happy to assist you with the necessary arrangements.  Please note that any hotel accommodation, transportation, and other expenses during your extra days will be your responsibility.  However, on departure day, we will provide transportation from your hotel to the international airport.  If you arrive earlier, we will pick you up at the airport and transfer you to your hotel.
• Additional nights of accommodation and meal expenses in Kathmandu due to changes in the scheduled itinerary.
• We do not cover KTM Valley sightseeing entrance fees outside the itinerary.
• Alcoholic beverages, soft drinks like Coke, and bottled mineral water are not included; however, bottled water may be provided during long-distance transportation.
• Expenses of a personal nature such as laundry, table drinks, beverages, confectionery, snacks, telephone bills, tips for room attendants and drivers, and individual clothing, including rental of sleeping bags and other equipment you might need on the trek.
• TMT does not cover the costs of a hot shower, Wi-Fi, charging your electronic devices during the trek, or any extra services you use that are not part of the package price. 
• Tips for your guide, porters, driver, and other field staff are not included.
• Any other expenses or charges not mentioned in the Included Services and Items section.

Packing Essentials Guide (Packing List):

When hiking on any trail in the Himalayas, it’s essential to pack light but wisely.  Efficient packing is crucial since you carry your gear fully or partially if you have a porter.  You may need to adjust your items based on the weather and trail conditions.  Some items on the list may not be necessary for the warmer climate at lower altitudes, so choose wisely.  We’re here to help and happy to answer any questions!  Here are the essential items you should bring for your trek:

Clothing

• Thermal Base Top and Bottom: Choose moisture-wicking and quick-drying shirts and underwear, and, if you like to wear them, long underwear. 
• Mid Layers - a fleece or lightweight down jacket will provide warmth.
• Waterproof and windproof outer layers - Choose a lightweight, waterproof jacket with a hood and water-resistant pants.  Not everyone prefers wearing fully waterproof pants, so choose what to bring.
• Trekking Pants and Shorts - select comfortable and quick-dry options.
• Short-sleeved T-shirts that wick away moisture, perfect for hot and sunny days. 
• Hat and Gloves for trekking - bring these for cooler temperatures, particularly in the morning or evening.
• For cold days and nights at guesthouses at high altitudes, wear a wool hat or balaclava that covers your ears.  Insulated wool or down mittens/gloves are also worth considering.  Only the dining rooms are heated during evening dinner, while the guest rooms remain unheated.
• When hiking, choosing the right socks (wool or synthetic) is as vital as comfortable trekking shoes.  We prefer high-quality Merino wool socks.  Merino wool absorbs odor-causing bacteria and wicks moisture away from your feet as vapor, keeping you dry and comfortable.  This is different from synthetic fibers, which wick sweat in liquid form.  Also, Merino wool socks can insulate your feet even when wet. 
• A Neck gaiter, scarf, or bandana for wind and sun protection (optional).  
• Although it may be optional for other treks, it is highly recommended for trekking in the Upper Mustang areas, where the wind can be extremely powerful.  Consider bringing a head, face cover, and wraparound glasses to protect yourself from sand and wind.
• Some people prefer a Broad-brimmed hat for sun protection (optional).

Footwear

• Choose well-fitted, non-skid, deep-tread trekking shoes or high-ankle hiking boots based on your preference.  They do not need to be waterproof, as nothing stays waterproof during heavy rain.  Walking with wet feet will still get you to the end of the trek if the shoes are comfortable and do not cause blisters.
• A pair of lightweight slippers or sandals after a trekking day.
• Crampons or microspikes are highly advisable for anyone planning to trek the Annapurna Circuit during the monsoon season, mid-winter, or very early spring, and on other routes where trail conditions may be icy or slippery.  This equipment can significantly enhance your safety and comfort throughout your journey.
• Wearing gaiters is highly beneficial for protecting your boots and pants from snow and debris.  This is especially important if you plan to trek during the snowy months or the monsoon season.

Trekking Gear

• A comfortable daypack (20-30 liters) with a rain cover or a larger, sturdy, and comfortable backpack if you plan to carry your belongings without a porter.  
• Bring trekking poles, which can help improve your balance and reduce knee strain.
• A lightweight sleeping bag suitable for the expected temperatures and the season.  A sleeping bag rated for sub-zero temperatures -18°C/ 0°F is recommended for trekking at high altitudes where temperatures drop significantly, especially at night.  A sleeping bag rated for sub-zero temperatures will keep you warm and comfortable throughout the trek.  
• A silk or cotton travel liner sheet may be sufficient for trekking at lower altitudes during warm days, eliminating the need for a sleeping bag.  Additionally, the liner can provide personal comfort in guesthouses along the trek, where blankets are typically provided for extra warmth.  Using a travel pillowcase is another option, depending on your comfort level.
• Water Bottle or hydration bladder system (i.e., CamelBak).
• Bottled mineral water is readily available along trekking routes.  If you prefer not to use bottled water, consider bringing a lightweight water filter, water purification tablets, or another purification system of your choice.
• A headlamp (or head torch in the UK) with extra batteries, or you might want to consider a rechargeable version.

Personal Items/ Toiletries

• Sunscreen with a high SPF of 30 to 50 is essential for protection against sun exposure.  At high altitudes, the sun’s rays are much stronger and can burn unprotected skin in a short amount of time.
• Lip Balm with SPF protection.
• Personal toiletries kit: a quick–drying small travel towel, toilet paper, soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, skin moisturizer, etc.
• Personal hygiene items: wet wipes, hand sanitizer, napkins, etc.
• Sunglasses with UV protection are essential to shield your eyes from the sun.  Polarized lenses enhance the viewing experience in high mountain areas but are not critical.
• A First Aid Kit containing essential supplies, including blister treatment, pain relief, and personal medications.  You can bring medication for high-altitude sickness, like Diamox (Acetazolamide) 250 mg.  Still, you must consult your doctor in your home country before departure to ensure the medication is proper for you.  In some countries, Acetazolamide requires a prescription.
• If you have any specific health conditions, bring enough medication for the entire trip.  We kindly recommend that you consult your doctor before embarking on the trekking adventure.
• Snacks (Optional): consider high-energy options such as nuts, energy bars, dried fruit, and chocolate bars.

Navigation and Communication

• A fully charged phone with emergency contacts saved, along with a portable charger (optional).
• A few people still prefer traditional navigation; thus, maps and compasses are helpful for orientation, even though the route is relatively straightforward (optional).

Miscellaneous

• Travel and Health Insurance: Ensure your insurance covers trekking activities and any potential medical emergencies, including evacuation.
• Cash: Please bring extra cash for personal expenses at tea houses and other local activities.
• Waterproof/dry bags for carrying essential documents and money.
• Camera (optional) and spare batteries: A camera is an excellent addition for capturing the breathtaking landscapes you’ll experience along the way.  Don't miss the chance to document these incredible moments! 
• Power bank (optional) to recharge electronic devices.
• Travel adapter and charging cables.
• Bring books or playing cards (optional) for entertainment during the evenings at guesthouses.
• Drones are prohibited unless you possess a special permit to operate them.  In Nepal, obtaining permission for a drone can be challenging, so it's best to leave it at home unless you have a compelling reason to use it. 

When packing for your trek in the Annapurna, Everest, Langtang Regions, or any other trekking destinations in Nepal, it's essential to approach the task with confidence.  While there isn't a one-size-fits-all answer, certain essential items are necessary: woolen clothing, hats, gloves, pants, sunglasses, scarves, medicines, toiletries, and sturdy shoes.  Remember that the significance of specific clothing will vary based on the season, weather, and temperature.  

It is vital to be well-prepared for any situation during your trekking adventure.  Consider your options carefully to ensure you have everything you need.  With this guide, we hope you’ll be equipped to identify the essential items to pack and confidently leave behind the nonessentials.  Enjoy your trekking experience!

Trekking Difficulty Level:

Trekking in the Himalayas is an incredible adventure, but it's essential to acknowledge that it can also be quite demanding.  As you navigate these beautiful trails, you may walk 5 to 7 hours daily or even longer on some itineraries.  The ups and downs of the terrain can test your physical endurance, and the high-altitude environment above 3800 meters, with its low oxygen levels, adds an extra layer of challenge.  The ascent to over 5000 meters will be even more challenging for many.  A lot of people can have altitude sickness.  It's understandable to feel overwhelmed by the thought of such a trek; many have felt the same way.  That's why it's essential to prepare yourself physically beforehand.  Taking the time to build your stamina through exercise can make a significant difference, helping you survive, thrive, and truly enjoy the experience.  Remember, it’s okay to take it one step at a time.  You're not alone on this journey!  Your trekking guide will be attentive to your health needs and carefully monitor any concerns throughout the journey to ensure everyone's well-being.

Health Tips:

• Stay Hydrated; drink plenty of water, especially at higher altitudes.  Carry a water bottle and use water purification tablets or a filter if needed.
• Eat nutritious meals and snacks to maintain energy levels.  Local teahouses along the trek usually offer a variety of options.
• Altitude Awareness: be mindful of altitude sickness symptoms like headache, nausea, and dizziness.  Take breaks and descend if symptoms worsen.  Resist smoking and consuming any alcohol.  Ensure appropriate acclimatization and descend to a lower height for sleeping.  TMT itineraries are designed to reduce the risk of severe altitude sickness, so following your trekking guide's advice is essential.  However, there is still a moderate chance of experiencing altitude sickness during the trek.  The trek ascends to over 3800 meters above sea level, where low oxygen levels can lead to altitude sickness.
• Personal Hygiene: To prevent illnesses, maintain good personal hygiene, especially handwashing.  Carry hand sanitizer and wet wipes.
• First Aid: Carry basic first aid with essentials like pain relievers, blister treatment, and personal medications.

Safety Tips:

• Stick to the Trail, follow marked trails, and avoid shortcuts.  This minimizes the risk of getting lost and ensures your safety.
• Check the weather forecast before you start and be prepared for sudden changes.  Carry appropriate clothing and gear for varying weather conditions.
• Listen to local guides or villagers for trail conditions and updates on potential hazards.  They can provide valuable information about the route.
• Keep emergency contact numbers, including local authorities and your trek operator, handy.  Ensure your phone is fully charged and carry a portable charger.
• Ensure your Travel and Health Insurance covers trekking activities and emergencies.  This provides financial protection in case of accidents or unexpected situations. 
• Travel in Groups: If possible, trek with others rather than alone.  It’s safer and more enjoyable; you can assist each other if needed.